Blaise Agüera y Arcas: Computing, Life, and Intelligence

In the mid-20th century, Alan Turing and John von Neumann developed the theoretical underpinnings of computer science, neuroscience, and AI. They also founded the field of theoretical biology, showing how living systems must necessarily be computational in order to grow, heal, and reproduce. Recent experiments by Blaise Agüera y Arcas’ teamat Google have drawn new connections between theoretical biology and computer science, showing how “digital life” can evolve in a purely random universe. Such artificial life doesn’t evolve the way Darwinian evolutionary theory usually presumes, through random mutation and selection, but rather through symbiogenesis, wherein small replicating entities merge into progressively bigger ones. This may be the creative engine behind biological evolution too.

In this lecture, Agüera y Arcas will describe how symbiosis explains both life’s origins and its increasing complexity. He’ll also draw connections to social intelligence theories, which suggest that similar symbioses have powered intelligence explosions in humanity’s lineage and those of other big-brained species. Finally, he’ll argue that both modern human intelligence and AI are best understood through this symbiotic lens.

Blaise Agüera y Arcas is a VP and Fellow at Google, and Google’s CTO of Technology & Society. He leads an organization working on basic research in AI, especially the foundations of neural computing, active inference, evolution, and sociality. In his tenure at Google he has led the design of augmentative, privacy-first, and collectively beneficial applications, including on-device ML for Android phones, wearables, and the Internet of Things; and he is the inventor of Federated Learning, an approach to training neural networks in a distributed setting that avoids sharing user data. Blaise also founded the Artists and Machine Intelligence program, and has been an active participant in cross-disciplinary dialogs about AI and ethics, fairness and bias, policy, and risk.

The 2025 Santa Fe Institute Community Lecture Series is free to attend thanks to generous sponsorship by the McKinnon Family Foundation.